affiliate marketng. 81% of advertisers and 84% of publishers now use it to drive product sales. affiliate marketng

 
 81% of advertisers and 84% of publishers now use it to drive product salesaffiliate marketng  Cookie life: 45 days

With BixGrow's 2-in-1 Affiliate program and Referral program, you can amplify word-of-mouth marketing, expand affiliate network, and enhance customer retention and loyalty. Diversify your affiliate program. Before you launch an affiliate program, you need to have a strong brand identity. This is a CPA affiliate network, which means each advertiser pays for a specific action. Shoot creative images. Your existing marketing team must learn how to use the technology. Thousands of independent marketers and entrepreneurs use high-ticket affiliate marketing platforms to drive thousands of dollars in revenue every single month. The affiliate partner is rewarded a payout for providing a specific result to the retailer or. So easy, in fact, that new customers can get their first automation live in just half an hour. Pros of media publishers/bloggers: Easy to start a blog, but… Cons of media publishers/bloggers: Requires long-term SEO strategy (minimum one year) to see results 2. STEP 4: Get Your Affiliate Links. Khái Niệm Và Cách Thức Triển Khai Affiliate Marketing. There are two ways to implement an affiliate marketing strategy: either join an affiliate “network” or build your own tracking system. 1. Sebab, tanpa perlu membuat produk sendiri, siapapun bisa bergabung dengan program pemasaran afiliasi. LiveChat. 1) Spark by ClickBank. Essentially, affiliates perform online marketing on behalf of a merchant, with the ultimate goal of driving traffic and conversions for the merchant’s website. According to Vivian, there are many free platforms for creators to. Trackdesk. Now it’s time for the fun part. 4 billion recorded. Tap into this lucrative and high demand category with the B2B affiliate marketing program of Promo, one of the largest and most popular marketing video creation platforms. Affiliate marketing is becoming an increasingly popular way to make extra money, especially with the growth of eCommerce. Omnisend. , the national average salary for an Amazon affiliate is $85,416 per year. The third party. Q #1) Do you need money to start affiliate marketing? Answer: We can start affiliate marketing free of cost in the case of an influencer with a vast audience by directly contacting brands that offer affiliate marketing options. Certainly, affiliate marketing is an easy way to generate income from your site and can be a source of long term revenue for you. It is the best platform for affiliate marketing for WordPress users as it offers a free WordPress plugin to simplify affiliate marketing. 4 billion in 2017. Boulder, Colorado. When someone purchases through your affiliate link, you earn a commission. With our real-time reporting, know the moment a banner is clicked, a sale is made, and a commission is generated. They harness the power of their digital marketing partners (affiliates) combined with a vast library of over 6 million unique products to reach 200 million customers around the world. Affiliate marketing is a process in which a person, the affiliate, earns a commission for marketing a company's products. According to its website, the company works with twice as many Internet Retailer 500 companies than any other affiliate program. Mostly for bloggers and content publishers. With CJ Affiliate, you have the opportunity to earn higher commissions and longer cookie durations than expected. 3. This can give you some ideas of what products to promote in your affiliate marketing campaigns. Follow these. 3 Adult ads – paid traffic sources. Here's a list of 15 popular types of content for affiliate marketing: 1. Min payment – $50. Some of the highest paying affiliate programs are Myntra, Flipkart, Ajio and Mamaearth. Conversely, affiliate marketing centers on its three key elements (customer, merchant, and marketer) to promote an. eBay’s in-house affiliate marketing platform, formally known as eBay Partners Network, is a good starting point for beginners. Olavivo Affiliate Network. Cake. Affiliate marketers have already begun to implement the technology and will continue to increase their use. 9. It offers affiliate networks for Saas, Cloud, and Web services. 10. GRIN is an amazing tool to have at your disposal if you’re looking to run an affiliate marketing program. Rakuten Advertising. 5% commissions and a 30-day cookie period, the company is clearly offering strong incentives to affiliates. eBay’s in-house affiliate marketing platform, formally known as eBay Partners Network, is a good starting point for beginners. 2. This is largely due to a global e-commerce boom. 7 billion. Ngày nay, Affiliate Marketing (tiếp thị liên kết) là một khái niệm không còn quá đỗi xa lạ, nó nhanh chóng du nhập vào thị trường Việt Nam và trở thành một hình hình thức phổ biến để các doanh nghiệp tiếp thị sản phẩm. 1 YouTube. The affiliate marketing industry is constantly evolving, and 2023 is set to bring a variety of new trends to the table. The affiliate simply searches for a product they. And it’s a proven digital marketing strategy for many small businesses because it’s cost-effective and scalable. Amazon Associates is the absolute best affiliate marketing program for beginners. 2 billion in total spending in 2022 and a steady growth rate. These numbers. In case you’re new to the idea, is all about promoting other companies’ products. Clickbank Success – Affiliate marketing without a website – Udemy. It’s an $8. This is a highly popular course offered by Udemy that teaches how to ace the Clickbank game. 5 Free traffic sources for adult offers. From the ‘Pages’ tab, click the ‘Create a Page’ button. This enables affiliates to market the different plans to different people. Nếu có ai đó mua hàng qua đường link của bạn thì bạn sẽ nhận. By focusing on a certain niche market, you’ll find it easier to reach people most likely to act on your referrals. Commission Rate: Varies. . v. 8. This step is a continuation for step 1. The infrastructure of affiliate marketing is quite simple: The affiliate shares an ad or link on their platform of choice. Affiliate marketing is a process where publishers earn a commission by using an affiliate link to promote a product or service made by another retailer or advertiser. Essentially, you’re promoting someone else’s product and receiving a reward for successful referrals. Digital marketing, analytics, and cookies. But, they don’t make signing up easy. Revenue sharing. LiveChat. Affiliate Marketing Course For Beginners | How To Start Affiliate. Important to research, besides the high commission: 1. See moreAffiliate marketing is the process of promoting and selling another company's products or services for a commission. AI-powered affiliate marketing campaigns have several. HubSpot provides a CRM platform to manage your organization’s marketing, sales, content. It depends on how much time and effort you put into your business and. You find a product you like, promote it to others, and earn a piece of the profit for each sale that you make. As a previous engineer, Matt approaches SEO like an engineer and relies heavily on testing. - The average payout per customer for our affiliates is currently around 55€. The majority of publishers use affiliate marketing to generate more income. It is also available in a few European and Middle East countries. Affiliate Marketing Statistics By Marketer Opinions. The next most profitable affiliate marketing niche is the health industry. 3 billion globally. Tips to Be Successful with Your Affiliate Links. Awin gives you access to many world-renowned merchants, including AliExpress, UnderArmour, Hyatt, and StubHub. Fiverr: Best High Ticket Marketing Platform for Freelancers. The affiliate partner is rewarded a payout for providing a specific result to the retailer or advertiser. A steady, reliable income is possible,. Popular Clients: The Neat Company, Only Natural Pet Store, Colorado Kayak Supply, Rareform. Advanced social proof. Affiliate marketing works well for small businesses and online retailers because customers trust peer recommendations over traditional company ads. According to our affiliate marketing statistics page, 36. Image: Impact Affiliate Program for Merchants & Publishers. How much do affiliate marketers make? The average salary of an affiliate marketer, according to Glassdoor, is $59,060 per year. 14. Global, well-known affiliate powerhouse with a reach to over 200 companies. Affiliate support: Yes. Affiliate Summit Corporation is a division of Clarion Events Limited that is registered in the United Kingdom. Use our custom affiliate tools to promote partners in easy and unique ways. The platform runs affiliate-marketing campaigns and acts as a network to recruit and find new partners. S. com, and Webflow. alone is expected to reach $8. Get paid by direct deposit, check, or Paypal. For more details, read our article on the specifics of affiliate marketing. Shopify is one of the biggest eCommerce platforms with all the tools needed to create and manage online stores. 1. Amazon Associates is an excellent option for content creators, bloggers, and marketers who want to monetize customers' visits to their pages by advertising Amazon products. Affiliate marketing is one of the world’s most popular methods of generating passive income online, and it continues to grow. Promote Products Indirectly Via Your Email List. Learn more. Customers engage with the affiliate’s promotions by clicking links or redeeming promo codes. 1. Here are some useful resources: Using Social Media for Affiliate Marketing: 4 Tips to Get StartedBy 2021, the global affiliate marketing platform market was worth $157 million. One of the key features of affiliate. Affiliate marketing is a process where publishers earn a commission by promoting a product or service made by another retailer or advertiser using an affiliate link. Pretty Links is an affiliate marketing plugin for WordPress that makes those long (and ugly) affiliate links much easier to use. With a messenger bot software like Manychat, you can automate your messages, create a marketing campaign to engage your bot subscribers, and make sales. 8. And a large part of affiliate marketing campaign spending is driven by the ecommerce sector. Selecting the appropriate affiliate marketing network is a critical decision that can impact the success of your affiliate business. It's a type of marketing where businesses. Free apps for webmasters. It allows you to track, manage, and optimize all paid and organic traffic sources straight from. According to one study, affiliate marketing spend is expected to reach $14. Fiverr also has a separate affiliate program for influencers with at least 5,000 f ollowers, paying up to 100% higher commissions than Fiverr’s “regular” programs. An overview of High Ticket Affiliate Marketing Platforms that pay a high commission rate per referral in the range of $500 – $1,000. Affiliate marketing is one of the most renowned and efficient ways of making passive income. This arrangement allows businesses to outsource part of the sales process. Semrush also has SEO tools to help uncover keywords and do content marketing. Barely 3 years old, Hamster Garage is relatively new to the affiliate marketing space, but they’ve already proven they can deliver fantastic results for their clients. Affiliate marketing spending in the United States reached $ 8. Typically, affiliates are rewarded for a sale. Affiliate marketing is a huge industry and has become a key source of online income for many thousands of professional bloggers. For example, cost-per-sale compensates affiliates for sales, whereas cost-per-lead compensates leads. Trusted by more than 70,000 eCommerce businesses across the world, it integrates with over 50 popular eCommerce apps. Unattached affiliate. This is usually a percentage of the sale price or a fixed amount. CashInWithKels- Affiliate Marketing Coach. Publishers or content creators earn a commission by promoting a product or service delivered by another retailer or advertiser, using an affiliate link. 5bn in revenue and 53m sales for their advertisers in 2021 alone, let the #Power100 inspire, inform, challenge and amplify your own partner marketing efforts. 81% of brands use affiliate programs. Theoretisch kann man Affiliate-Marketing auf jeder Plattform betreiben. For merchants, they can manage their partners, influencers, and product publishers easily. The affiliate marketing industry is a multibillion-dollar industry with exciting professional opportunities for creators. Es ist jedoch viel einfacher, über einen von zwei Kanälen – einen Blog oder einen YouTube-Kanal – ein Publikum aufzubauen und deine Partnerverkäufe zu steigern. 5 billion in funding through 232 rounds, a 15. With a value of about $12 billion, it has proven to be the top way to make huge money online. Many programs pay a recurring commission, thus making it an endless income stream for as long as. Blogging is one of the most effective affiliate marketing promotion methods for brands. Entry Level Price: $199. It's a simple enough concept, but the process itself can involve a lot of moving pieces. Affiliate marketing spending in the United States reached $ 8. Pay per lead: While less common, the seller may also pay the affiliate to generate leads rather than make sales. 1. Tip #5 Provide Clear Terms. This affiliate marketing tool also makes it a lot easier to brand and advertise links, manage server-side redirects, and monitor the activity on your affiliate links. By the end of 2023, affiliate marketing firms had secured over $1. What becomes clear when you look at H&M's affiliate program is that their commission structure favors new customers. Rakuten Advertising. With advertisers using affiliate networks as a serious marketing tool, over 80% of them are investing more than 10% of their budgets in affiliate platforms. ShareASale Affiliate – ShareASale has spent over 20 years growing its network by building relationships,. Earn up to $300 for new customers by signing up for the Shutterstock affiliate program. 1) Content Publisher. Tapi meskipun affiliate marketing terlihat mudah dan menjanjikan, Anda tetap butuh strategi pemasaran yang. Affiliate marketing is when you sell somebody else’s product online for a commission. Our ecommerce integrations allow brands to quickly create custom Discount Codes and Affiliate Links without leaving the GRIN platform. If you’re still looking for a niche, read: How to Choose the Best Products to Sell Online in Canada. Affiliate marketing is a lucrative field for monetization because: It’s a multi-billion dollar industry: Spending in the U. [1] Here are the best ways to get started with finance affiliate marketing: 1. Bankaffiliates. It’s an $8. Affiliate Marketing Websites. Affiliate marketing is one of the oldest models for earning money online. Typically, commissions range from around 5% to 50%, particularly when promoting educational courses or events. Ivory Ella approached their agency, BVAccel, with the task of launching and growing a brand new partner marketing program. But payments can reach five figures, depending on the products promoted. 3. Elements. Fortunately, affiliate marketing can be a great place to learn the ropes!You can always gain up-to-the-minute analytics relating to your affiliate marketing. If you are just getting started with partnership marketing and are looking to launch an affiliate marketing campaign to promote your brand this holiday season, you need to recruit and activate the top affiliate agency and create an. It uses javascript for the automatic insertion of affiliate links to the relevant keyword in your content. Affiliate marketing is a revenue-sharing marketing method in which a third-party affiliate, such as a blogger, YouTuber or influencer, advertises a business’s goods. Get $200 off The Affiliate Lab. Affiliate marketing is the practice of promoting the products or services of another person or company in exchange for a commission on the resulting sale. The dashboard itself is relatively easy and grabbing links isn’t too much of a hassle either. Affiliate marketing is a great way to make money online for remote blog writers and content writers, as well as for anyone who is looking to start a career or side hustle as an affiliate marketer. Best Overall: Commission Junction. An affiliate/referral marketing app for Shopify, developed by one of the most popular developers of apps for Shopify, UpPromote is a solid option for e-commerce businesses to create a network of affiliate partners. 1. Some of the biggest brands like Shopify, Thrive Market,. ConvertKit. . Affiliate Marketing (tiếp thị liên kết): Là hình thức kiếm tiền online ( MMO) bằng việc quảng bá những sản phẩm, dịch vụ của người khác, của nhãn hàng khác thông qua các đường link của bạn (từ web, blog,…). A market niche is typically characterized by a shared interest or demographics, influencing product quality and price point. Take a look at what products your competitors are promoting on their sites and social media channels. Affiliate marketing is one of the fastest growing industries online. Related affiliate marketing is where you promote products directly related to your business or website. 29. is the upfront cost, including buying a , hosting a website, building an audience, and learning expert tactics. iDevAffiliate. 2. Your commission: 33% recurring or $100 upfront flat fee. #38. They were excited about partner marketing’s ability to reach untapped markets, and were encouraged by the low entry barriers to starting a program. Affiliate marketing is a process where publishers earn a commission by promoting a product or service made by another. The email make it easy to plan, send, and manage email campaigns. Creating free tools is a great way to attract backlinks and boost search engine rankings. It’s no secret that affiliate marketing has transformed SME success in the last decade. View more. Amazon Associates: Best Affiliate Marketing Program For Beginners. me. Another advanced affiliate marketing strategy that’s super easy to implement is going through your existing content to see which of your pages are currently getting the most traffic. 1. I have spent the past. Platinum for $499/month for up to 50,000 leads. It becomes more popular every year. dollars by 2022, up from 5. The affiliate partners promote the business’s products via original content they. ConvertKit is an email marketing platform enabling creators to earn a living online through its audience building and email marketing capabilities. Founded as a Japanese e-commerce brand, Rakuten Advertising is home to one of the top affiliate marketing networks. 2. CJ is probably the biggest affiliate network, having thousands of affiliate marketing programs to choose from, that is kinda known worldwide. 94% of publications use affiliate marketing programs. But becoming an affiliate marketer takes more than merely knowing what the term means. Pricing. CJ is the place where partnerships and technology converge to create valuable shopping experiences that result in scalable. All of these courses are available to access for a low monthly price – and in them, you’ll learn everything from copywriting to. Affiliate marketing is a popular advertising model where companies pay third-party publishers to generate traffic to their services or products. The first step on your path to becoming an Amazon affiliate is to sign up for Amazon Associates. What G2 Users Think. 3. They obviously stock and sell essential oils and blended oils – including a range of scalp oils and facial oils. Affiliate marketing has become a high-value, low-risk way to drive sales and brand awareness for companies—and to generate revenue for their affiliates. As you can see from their commission structure, for some of the categories your commission percentage increases as you make more sales. Account managers are knowledgeable and experienced, providing great customer service. Wealthy Affiliate is a site that offers a website builder, WordPress web hosting service, and training to affiliates. By 2024, affiliate marketing is predicted to be worth more than $15. UpFlip is compensated with a monetary commission. Visit Walmart Affiliates. And looking at SaaS sales specifically, the global end-user spending on SaaS products was projected to grow to $146 billion in 2021, over 20%. Affiliatly. It is one of the top affiliate marketing networks out there, in our opinion. Here, we take a look at the best affiliate marketing programs, how to build an affiliate marketing website and various marketing methods used by successful affiliate marketers. THE AFFILIATE MARKETING MODEL At its core, affiliate marketing is an efficient, cost-effective, scalable framework for paying partners. Like other marketing companies, Payoom also doesn’t charge any fee in the form of joining charges. What you need to look out for is the monthly minimum, which is the amount in transaction fees an affiliate network requires each month. That’s an increase of 195%. ConvertKit’s affiliate program is a good fit for creators marketing to other creators. It allows brands to reach loyal followers of intensely. Facebook. Affiliate Marketing for Beginners Step #3: Find and Join Affiliate Programs. 5. By 2024, these figures are expected to balloon up to $15. It runs the greatest affiliate marketing events globally that captivate thousands of advertisers, agencies, and affiliates from more than 70 countries around the world. Even during uncertain times, affiliate marketing remains a top-performance channel. However, the program is excellent for anyone just starting. The Affiliate Marketing Platform For Affiliates | ShareASale. Μήπως αναρωτιέσαι και εσύ τι είναι το Affiliate Marketing, πώς λειτουργεί, αλλά και πώς μπορείς να το αξιοποιήσεις για να. This free online course provides entrepreneurs with a step-by-step guide in affiliate marketing. Rakuten Advertising, formerly known as LinkShare, is a well-known affiliate network and one of the best affiliate marketing websites in India. Affiliate marketing is an advertising model for products and services when brands hire content creators to promote their products in exchange for commissions. 95/month and one-time payouts starting at $65+, you’ll enjoy high. After getting a degree in Business Finance from BYU (2002) and an MBA from ASU (2007) he. Pemasaran afiliasi juga dapat didefinisikan sebagai salah satu metode pemasaran digital, dimana seseorang akan mendapatkan. 3. With many ways of utilizing the platform, you can reach free traffic and convert clicks into sales with creativity and enticing content. For example, if someone is looking for a new laptop, they may begin with online. In 2019, the global health and wellness market value was around $4. Print-On-Demand Niche. For each affiliate marketing tool option, learn its top features (like coupon codes and advanced analytics), as well as cost and user rating. Is one of the best AI tools for affiliate marketing. Elementor offers an amazing affiliate program and has a large number of affiliates who earn more than $10,000 each month. An affiliate marketing program might have a low commission rate but a high EPC, which means it can still be a worthwhile program to join. Affiliate Marketing is a performance-based marketing strategy where individuals or businesses (affiliates) earn a commission by promoting products or services of other companies. Bankaffiliates. Each affiliate marketer gets a unique link that tracks incoming sales. Basically, it’s a modern interpretation of a. Tips for Getting Involved in Affiliate Marketing. Unattached affiliate marketing involves promoting products that are not related to your own business, website, or blog. 56% of affiliate programs increased revenue during the Covid-19 lockdown. Accurate Tracking: Affiliate marketing software provides real-time tracking and analytics for referrals, clicks, conversions, and sales, ensuring that your affiliates are accurately credited for their efforts. An affiliate finds a company's products that they enjoy and promotes those products on their website, social media accounts or other media platforms. In turn, affiliates earn a percentage of the sales or customer traffic made as. 99/month, it’s not the cheapest tool on this list, but it’s definitely in most people’s budget. Once you’ve decided on the type of content and platform for your affiliate system, use the tips below to create helpful, compelling content. Posted in. Affiliate marketing is a marketing arrangement in which affiliates receive a commission for each visit, signup or sale they generate for a merchant. e. In fact, affiliate marketing spend is reported to increase to $8. Below are 5 top affiliate marketing networks to explore for passive income opportunities, along with a few highlights: Amazon Associates. Amazon Associates. Affiliatly is an affiliate marketing tool that helps you manage partners from one dashboard. Selecting the appropriate affiliate marketing network is a critical decision that can impact the success of your affiliate business. In this article, we’ll share 4 different ways to dominate Facebook affiliate marketing. So once you’ve completed designing your website, you can now start applying to the affiliate programs and networks that is suitable for. 8 billion of that figure coming from the United States alone. In the simplest form, affiliate marketing is a form of online marketing where a publisher recommends products or services to others and, in return, earns an affiliate commission after that visitor converts. 1-2-3 Affiliate Marketing Stats: Best for: intermediate affiliate marketers with an existing audience; Price: $699 (one-time payment) If you already have experience with affiliate sites and want to generate more income, the best affiliate marketing course for you might be 1-2-3 Affiliate Marketing. Amazon Associates is one of the biggest affiliate marketing programs in the world. Income School's Project 24. Advertisers hire dedicated affiliates to promote their apps and products and reward them for each new user that signs up and uses the app. With platforms like Printify, anyone can start their own online store without inventory hassles. The practice has been around for almost as long as the internet. Testing your platform speed. The Bluehost affiliate program is top-rated in the web hosting niche. With this in mind, it’s only accurate for affiliate marketers to double down on their campaigns and treat it as one of the best sources of revenue for. com. It offers a robust suite of features that empower businesses to track, analyze, and optimize their affiliate marketing efforts. Social proof is the psychological and social phenomenon that people will follow the actions of others if they believe the crowd is making the right choice. As far as the best affiliate marketing programs go, Shopify’s affiliate network can be a real treasure trove for affiliate marketers. Ad platforms used. Print on Demand, or POD, is a hot topic and one of the best affiliate marketing niches. 4 Adult Ads networks. Like many fashion retailers, their goal is to reach new users they can convert into repeat buyers. Affiliate networks may also have. Globally, the affiliate marketing industry is worth over $12 billion, 81% of brands rely on affiliate marketers, and affiliate programs generate 15%-30% of all sales for advertisers (indicating the success of the affiliate marketers as well). Rakuten is a good choice if you want to have access to major brands. The affiliate partner is rewarded a payout for providing a specific result to the retailer or advertiser. With more and more online businesses becoming involved in affiliate marketing, more opportunities have arisen for bloggers, like you and I, to make money with their blog sites and to ultimately create passive income streams. Affiliate marketing customers offer a 58 percent higher average customer revenue. Cake partners with over a dozen partners to offer a variety of streamlined and automated features, most. If you want to start affiliate marketing, the very first thing to do is to promise yourself that you will not add affiliate links to your almost every story. You can go through their advertisers and gather data to help you evaluate the niche profit potential. 8. Starting a blog can help you establish expertise in your industry, become a go-to source for helpful information, and build a community of readers who keep coming back for more content. Quick Apply. When using Facebook for affiliate marketing, the first thing to do is to create your own page. Rytr. 7 billion worldwide, $2. Are you new to affiliate marketing and want to learn how to tap into this billion-dollar industry? In this tutorial, you’ll learn how you can get started wit. Pengertian Affiliate Marketing. Consider drilling it down further into a certain niche, such as plus size fashion, men’s fashion, or kid’s fashion. 1. Affiliate marketing has become a popular way for businesses to reach new customers and for individuals to earn passive income online. Product owners make their products available for affiliate marketing. Affiliates. alone is expected to reach over $8 billion in 2022, almost triple what it was ten years ago. An industry first, the Awin Report 2023: Power 100 profiles some of the most-exciting partnerships on our global platform across every market and sector. You won’t waste a ton of time and effort, only to find out months later that your goals were unattainable in the first place. Best for Beginners: ClickBank. 69 from Amazon Associates, and the number keeps growing. A business might work with an affiliate to achieve the following: Affiliate marketing is an advertising model where a company pays compensation to third party publishers to generate traffic or leads to the company’s products and services. 2. Your email list is an integral part of any affiliate marketing campaign—and if you don’t have one, you need to get started building one yesterday! Email is extremely powerful for marketing, which is why so many people say, “The money’s in the list. Affiliate marketing is a performance-driven channel that enables a rich ecosystem of partnerships to reach, influence, and convert shoppers worldwide at every part of their purchase journey, both online and offline. Affiliate marketing is a marketing scheme in which a company compensates partners for business created from the affiliate's marketing tactics. 4 billion in the United States alone. Omnisend is an easy-to-use marketing automation, SMS, and email marketing solution. I am a top-rated Upwork digital marketing freelancer with exclusive "Expert-Vetted" status. 1.